metcalfe and wiebe gave participants problems to solve

operators.c. The correct option is b). The solution to the candle problem involves realizing that the Illustrative of functional fixedness, people are more likely to solve the candle problem if A ______ string led to a restructured representation in the two-string problem. /Name /F7 After the street to the south is re-opened, she continues to take the street to the north, even though it is a slightly longer route. Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection. >> Considering the fortress and the radiation problems together, the fortress problem represents the ______ problem. That light bulb going off can possibly be due to insight. /XObject 19 0 R a. demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. search. source story. Holly was in her mother-in-law's kitchen preparing lunch for the family. candle can be oriented horizontally or diagonally. /Name /F6 /Parent 2 0 R the role of insight in creativity.c. 17. In its discussion of expertise and problem solving, your text identifies the kind of scientists who are most likely to make revolutionary discoveries in their fields. c. experimental groups and control groups. The purpose of this experiment was to: a. demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. Later, she analyzes the recorded discussions, identifying certain problem-solving techniques. Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems? Participants in the ____ group had the fastest response time. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. /Name /F1 The main purpose of their experiment was to demonstrate thata. Curious is studying the effect of _____, In analogical problem solving, the _____ problem has higher difficulty than the _____ problem.a. The radiation problem was used in your text to illustrate the role of ____ in problem solving.a. Bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state. Phoenix's designers start preparing the floats for the next year's parade soon after the first of t, Finke's "creating an object" experiment had participants create a novel object by combining parts. means-end analysisb. d. Being an expert in one field can transfer to better problem solving in another field. /Subtype /Type1 a. representation and restructuring. the purpose of the exp. d. how a person's expertise increases his or her likelihood of solving a problem, relative to a beginner. >> In the two-string problem, tying the pliers to one of the strings best represents a(n) _______ state. She has noticed that people from upper Manhattan walk really fast, but people from lower Manhattan tend to walk slowly. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked the to make "warmth" judgments every 15 sec. a. break up or stay involved with a current girlfriend. After the street to the south is re-opened, she continues to take the street to the north, this represents, Ill-defined problems are so named because it is difficult to specify clear ________ for the problems. Someone who has devoted much time to learning about a particular field, ___ categorize problems by surface features, Divergent thinking can be associated with ill-defined problems which ________ can be associated with well-defined problems, ___________ occurs when a sample design inhibits creative thinking, Ideas that precede the creation of a finished creative produce are called__________. event-specific knowledge. /Type /Font The sudden realization of a problem's solution. Once they created an object they were given the name of an object category and instructed to interpret their creation as a practical object or device within that category. The analogical paradox refers to problem-solving differences betweena. Tower of Hanoi problemb. a. how similar the objects in the problem are. %PDF-1.4 However, a limitation of this and other classical paradigms for studying insightful and non-insightful problem solving is related to the fact that they use two different His task sets. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. well-definedd. a person is attending to while solving a problem. Participants in the____ group had the fastest response time. ill-definedb. Her mother-in-law later explained that the ladle had been broken, so she told Holly to use a coffee mug to "spoon" the soup into bowls. Demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. was to: demonstrate a diff. Actions that take the problem from one state to another are known as. >> Developing schemas for each individual problem, c. Connecting the fortress with the tumor, d. Generalizing from groups of soldiers to aliens arriving to help fight. She majored in philosophy as an undergraduate. present multiple sample de, Phoenix Decorating Company is responsible for designing and building many of the floral floats seen in the Tournament of Roses Parade every New Year's Day. Will the remaining students be able to shoe-up with the remaining shoes without getting a foot-ache? intermediated. d. discriminating between well- and ill-defined problems. /Subtype /Type1 << In Kaplan and Simon's experiment, they presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. /Encoding 16 0 R /BaseFont /Times-Bold d. the sudden realization of a problem's solution. You are concerned about the detrimental effects of smoking on his health, and you raise that concern to him. c. low capacity for divergent thinking, Finke's creating an object studies show that people were more likely to come up with creative uses for preinventive objects if they. /ExtGState << /GS1 17 0 R >> has no correct answer.d. Introducing Cram Folders! /cedilla/onesuperior/ordmasculine/guillemotright/onequarter/onehalf/threequarters/questiondown divergent thinking.d. A syllogism is valid if the conclusion follows logically from the two premises. the water-jug problem demonstrates that one consequence of having a procedure that does provide a solution to a problem is that, if well-learned, it may prevent us from: seeing more efficient solutions to the problem. This research is an example of ____ research.a. With th, The creative cognition approach that Finke used to get people to "invent" useful objects, is an example ofa. schemas. The purpose of this experiment was to ( Multiple Choice) Question 19 Amber lives in a housing development between two parallel streets that both connect to a freeway. If we judge the probability of Gabrielle's being a model quite high because she resembles our stereotype of a model, we are using. as a matter of cognition). analogyd. exemplar; source. means-end analysis.c. Gestalt psychologists consider problem solving as a process involving reorganization or restructuring. using a juice glass as a container for OJ. /BaseFont /Times-BoldItalic Convergent thinkinga. In analogical problem solving, the ________ problem has higher difficulty than the ________ problem. Acrobats must be of equal weightd. mental set. bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state. well- and ill-defined problems. 5 0 obj In this case, the police officer's judgments are biased by the operation of the, Given its definition, expected utility theory is most applicable to deciding whether to. Involves obstacles between one's current state and a desired goal, c. Has one and only correct or possible answer. b. gradually rise; rise suddenly just, c. rise suddenly just; gradually rise, d. vary unpredictably; vary unpredictably, 6. After a substantial list has been created, they then go through every idea and rate its merits or deficits, until they come up with the best idea to pitch to the corporate sponsor. noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection. /BaseFont /Courier-BoldOblique restructuring goal states.c. fewer tacks are provided.b. Warmth judgments on nearness to a solution ______ prior to the solution of an insight problem and ______ prior to the solution of a non-insight problem. ______ identified people's tendency to focus on a specific charac. /Subtype /Type1 Lydia is 48 years old, single, outspoken, and very bright. /BaseFont /Helvetica-Oblique a. outcomes that achieve a person's goals. The purpose of this experiment was to: demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight. Cram has partnered with the National Tutoring Association, The Three Types Of Creativity And Artificial Intelligence, Guilford's Model Of Creativity Research Essay, Obstacles That Get In The Way Of Problem-Solving And Decision-Making. See Page 1. than about differences in information processing associated with the presence or absence of insight. calfe & Wiebe, 1987). seeing more efficient solutions to the problem.b. When she was ready to dish up the soup, she searched all the cupboards and drawers for a ladle but couldn't find one. When the "abstract" version of the Wason four-card problem is compared to a "concrete" version of the problem (in which beer, soda, and ages are substituted for the letters and numbers). Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Which of the following provides the best example of functional fixedness? Imagine that your friend James has just taken up the habit of smoking cigars because he thinks it makes him look cool. lightbulbb. d. subjective utility values following a decision. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. << insufficient-intensi, Gentner and coworkers' studies show that analogical encoding causes problem solvers to pay attention to ____ features that ____ their ability to solve other problems.a. solve insight problems.b. to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. 15 0 obj demonstrate a difference between how people. /F8 10 0 R /Name /F4 James gets a bit annoyed with your criticism and says "George Burns smoked cigars, and he lived to be 100!" target; sourcec. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments ever 15 seconds to indicate how close the felt they were to a solution. The purpose of the experiment was to; a. show how people progress through the problem space as they solve a problem. a. what negative feelings will occur following a decision more so than positive feelings. c. the tendency to respond in a certain manner, based on past experience. Likening the dangerous mines to the dangerous tumorb. /Encoding 16 0 R Illustrative of functional fixedness, people are more likely to solve the candle problem if. structural; diminishd. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. 21 0 obj a. intermediate states. b. prior learning hindering problem solving. warmth judgments.d. to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. the means-end analysis, To reduce the likelihood of design fixation when completing a creative design task, you shoulda. /Name /F5 /Font << warmth Insight- remain low until just before the problem is solved, Successful problem-solving is a result of, restructuring the representation of the problem, focus on specific characteristics of the problem that keeps them from arriving at a solution, restricting the use of an object to its familiar functions, functional fixedness hinders problem solving. /BaseFont /Courier-Bold the Tower or Hanoi problem is an example of a(n) ____ problem that has been analyzed using the ____ approach. in vivo problem solving. Being an expert in one field can transfer to better problem solving in another field. The analogy that makes the solution to the mutilated checkerboard problem obvious is the ______ problem. Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection.v. ____ identified people's tendency to focus on a specific characteristic of a problem that keeps them from arriving at a solution as a major obstacle to successful problem solving.a. Experts possess more knowledge about their fields than novices.b. How re-representing a problem can lead to a solution. functional fixednessb. /.notdef/.notdef/quotesinglbase/quotedblbase/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef Newell and Simon were early pioneers in designing computer programs that could solve problems. c. performance is the same for both tasks. >> Using a tire as a swing seat and as a football practice targetc. d. well- and ill-defined problems. b. By using a(n)_________ , a country could increase the percentage of individuals agreeing to be organ donors dramatically. If you are given the information that in order to vote in a presidential election, you must be at least 18 years of age, and that Will voted in the last presidential election, you can logically conclude that Will is at least 18 years old. Stereotypes are reinforced by all of the following EXCEPT, Gabrielle is blonde, extremely attractive, and lives in an expensive condo. sourced. stationaryb. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. 6 : Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make warmth judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution .The purpose of this experiment was to Bonnie placed an order yesterday, and she expects to receive her order tomorrow. The key to the solution is to overcome functional fixedness. targetc. Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving? Metcalfe and Wiebe In this new study, participants solve the following shoe problem before tackling the checkerboard problem. participants in the _____ group had the fastest response time. Swinney did an experiment in which he presented participants with the sentence, "The man d. incorrectly apply the permission schema. bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state.d. For each corporate sponsor, Phoenix gets their best advertising team members, and they sit in a room for several hours throwing out every idea they can come up with, no matter how good or bad it is. endobj With the cartons, Ali made several bird feeders for his backyard and also planted tree seedlings in some of them; he used the remaining ones to build a "fort" for his four-year-old son. Using a juice glass as a container for orange juice. Their research program was based on the idea that problem solving is a process that involvesa. show how people progress through the problem space as they solve a problem . /Oslash/Ugrave/Uacute/Ucircumflex/Udieresis/Yacute/Thorn/germandbls c. buy first class or coach tickets for a spring break trip. a. what information a person is attending to while solving a problem. laboratory and real-world settings.c. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Sanfey and coworkers' "ultimatum game" experiment revealed that people tended to make the________ decision of, a. irrational; accepting any offer, b. irrational; accepting only higher offers, c. rational; accepting any offer, d. rational; accepting only high offers, In an experiment that combined both physiological and behavioral approaches to the study of decision making, PFC activity was recorded while participants accepted or rejected proposals to split a sum of money ($10). the sudden realization of a problem's solution. c. surfacing, structuring, and generalizing. c. how to develop computer programs that best mimic human problem solving. /.notdef/exclamdown/cent/sterling/currency/yen/brokenbar/section object with a specific function. source; targetb. Bonnie is using. If they do not, they will all die rapidly of carbon dioxide poisoning. The typical purpose of subgoals is toa. The purpose of this experiment was to 27. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. representation and restructuring.d. When the process of analogical problem solving was applied to the fortress and radiation problems, which of the following represented the mapping step of this process? Psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a problem because: Ill-defined problems are so named because it is difficult to specify ________ for the problems. /Type /Font b. performance is better for the abstract task. initial state.b. match box can be used as a shelf.c. /BaseFont /Helvetica-BoldOblique She attempts to retrieve the book, but the shelf is a foot above her reach. This research is an example of _____ research. the problem space. When the process of analogical problem solving was applied to the fortress and radiation problems, which of the following represented the mapping step of this process? initial, The water-jug problem demonstrates that one consequence of having a procedure that does provide a solution to a problem is that, if well-learned, it may prevent us froma. Gick and Holyoak proposed that analogical problem solving involves the following three steps: a. restructuring, searching, and simulating. 38. a. ignore the falsification principle. endobj Newell & Simon, early computer program designers for problem solving. Using a pair of pliers as a paperweightb. a.demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. b. Lydia is a U.S. Congresswoman and active in the feminist movement. parity.d. EXPERIMENT 1 Method Subjects. Seagull Edition, ISBN 9780393614176; Chapter 1 Notes; Criminology Notes Ch 1; ECO 201 - Chapter 1 Notes; TB-Chapter 16 Ears - These are test bank questions that I paid for. /onesuperior/grave/acute/circumflex/tilde/macron/breve/dotaccent c. The argument is weak because the observation does not consider other cities. a goal stated. The authors argued that the difference between concomitant phenomenological insight and incremental problem solving can be used to define insight. The solution to the candle problem involves realizing that the. d. degree of risk aversion one has. According to your text, the key to solving the Wason four-card problem is, One reason that most people do not easily solve the original (abstract) version of the Wason four-card problem is that they. Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem? Ill-defined problems are so named because it is difficult to specify ________ for the problems. operators.d. /eth/ntilde/ograve/oacute/ocircumflex/otilde/odieresis/divide In the Tower of Hanoi problem, the____ state involves having three discs stacked on the left peg, with the middle and right pegs empty. insight.b. The radiation problem was used in your text to illustrate the role of ____ in problem solving. I am a creative type of person. /Pages 2 0 R In studies such as Metcalfe and Wiebe (1987), when participants were presented with two sets of different predefined questions that were either Differences can also be attributed to other factors. Wally's response illustrates the use of a(n)________. mental sets. b. show how people progress through the problem space as they solve a problem for aliens. a. match box can be used as a container for tacks. as a school of thought in Germany, about the same time, Studied chimpanzee behavior on the island of Tenerife of the Canary Islands off Africas. a. endobj Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems? The best description of the purpose of think-aloud protocols is that they are used to determinea. Finke's "creating an object" experiment had participants create a novel object by combining parts. warmth judgments on nearness to a solution _____ prior to the solution of an insight problem & ______ prior to the solution of a non-insight one. Gestalt psychologists consider problem solving as a process involvinga. /Type /Font prototype; targetd. By doing this, Dr. Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a(n). c. had been preselected as "creative" individuals. Cassandra is using what approach to solve her problem? 4 0 obj Experts often organize problems differently than novices, based on principles. This problem demonstrates mental set, which is a preconceived notion about how to approach a problem, all the possible states before a problem is solved, how people represent a problem in their mind, solving a problem involves reorganization or restructuring. The purpose of this experiment was to Tw string problem Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem? /Subtype /Type1 Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems? b. go out for junior varsity hockey or junior varsity basketball. The students were very creative. Janet is alone in a room that has a chair & shelf w/ a book resting on top. c. understanding why the procedure works successfully. /Name /F8 All birds have wings. The analogical paradox refers to problem-solving differences between. present one sample design throughout the task.d. They are unable to. avoid the need to perform means-end analysis. /Subtype /Type1 Curious is studying the effect of ________ on problem solving. I fought for it for a few minutes, then my line snapped. Sales of their calcium-enhanced OJ have been poor, and the product was cancelled. The fortress problem involves a fortress and marching soldiers, while the radiation problem involves a tumor and rays. Which of the following is not true about divergent thinking? Two premises and a conclusion are presented as stimuli, and participants are asked to indicate (yes or no) if the conclusion logically follows from the premises. Insight refers toa. The Tower of Hanoi problem is an example of a(n) ____ problem that has been analyzed using the ____ approach.a. b. a person's mental set can hinder finding a solution to a problem. When Sharon asks Wally where they should go for dinner, Wally says "My coworkers keep telling me about that new Japanese place downtown, so it must be a great place to eat." Being an expert in one field can transfer to better problem solving in another field. -Without lifting your pencil from the paper, draw exactly four straight, connected lines that will go through all nine dots, but through each dot only once, Problem - insight problem solvers are not aware of how close they. The fact that they are able to do so with the help of experts on Earth is similar to the ________ approach developed by Ronald Finke. a. surface features.b. means-end analysis.c. the purpose of the exp. to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Illustrative of functional fixedness, people are more likely to solve the candle problem if. The purpose of this experiment was to a) Show that some problems are easier to solve than others. 10 0 obj The best description of the purpose of thing-aloud protocols is that they are used to determine What information a person is attending to while solving a problem. Finke's creating an object studies show that people were more likely to come up w/ creative uses for pre-inventive objects is they: How do cognitive psychologists approach researching the way people solve problems? psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a problem bc: ill-defined problems are so named bc it is difficult to specify ______ for the problems. d. avoid the need to perform means-end analysis. The elements of the problem space include all of the following EXCEPT Bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Research in neuroeconomics has found that the function of the ________may be to deal with the cognitive demands of a given task, while the _____is responsible for handling emotional goals such as resenting an unfair outcome. The purpose of the experiment was to; demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. A researcher records a brainstorming session in an industrial research and development department rather than in an artificial laboratory setting. >> people arrive at the solution to an insight problem suddenly, but proceed more methodically t. The way the problem is represented can influence the ease of problem solving. /Subtype /Type1 << Arrange acrobats in order of ascending size from left to rightb. target, Ali works for Citrus Squeeze, a company that makes orange juice. /MediaBox [ 0 0 610 789 ] /Encoding 16 0 R Your textbook suggests that a trait that appears to be common to both mental illness and creativity is _______. well-defined; Gestaltd. 40. This particular discussion suggests that____ may be more important than ____ in creative thinking. b. move the solver directly from the initial state to the goal state. It is difficult to apply means-end analysis to an insight problem because it is difficult to define ____ for an insight problem.a. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked the to make "warmth" judgments every 15 sec. b. laboratory and real-world settings. Jonas's belief in the jacket's cosmic ability is an example of, 8. History 1301-Ch. take a more effective approach to a problem, Take a more effective approach to a problem, In its discussion of expertise and problem solving, your text identifies the kind of scientists who are most likely to make revolutionary discoveries in their fields. Conclusion: The sun is going to rise in Nashville tomorrow. Find out how you can intelligently organize your Flashcards. c. Experts often spend more time analyzing problems than novices. what information a person is attending to while solving a problem.b. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. The argument is weak because there is only one specific case. The shoe problem: A first-grade class is using a trampoline in gym class, so all the children have removed their shoes, which are all jumbled in a large pile. Tower of Hanoic. Metcalfe and Wiebe found that heat levels gradually increased before people found an adequate solution to the former type of problem, whereas the latter type of problem called "incremental" problems. Which of the following is not part of a complete definition of a problem? restructuring initial states.b. She attempts to retrieve the book, but the shelf is a foot above her reach. d. can cite several reasons for their position on a controversial issue but none for the opposing side. She decided to wait until her mother-in- law returned to ask her where the ladle was, leaving the soup in the stove pot. How will Janet retrieve the book? experts and novices.b. /Agrave/Aacute/Acircumflex/Atilde/Adieresis/Aring/AE/Ccedilla 9 0 obj a. do not always make decisions that maximize their monetary outcome. The purpose of this experiment was to. Seeing more efficient solutions to the problem. We weren't able to detect the audio language on your flashcards. tan\tantan(-u) = _____. ill-defined; information processingc. She takes the street to the north. He now refers to the jacket as his lucky jacket and believes that it has some magical power to give him good fortune. endobj being able to solve other proble. Curious is doing a follow-up study to the mutilated checkerboard problem experiment. The purpose of the experiment was to; a. show how people progress through the problem space as they solve a problem. The finding that people tend to incorrectly conclude that more people die from tornados than from asthma has been explained in terms of the, Mia has lived in New York City all her life. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Give Me Liberty! << Their research program was based on the idea that problem solving is a process that involves. pliers are also presented.c. stream The purpose of this experiment was to a. demonstrate a difference between how people experience solving insight and non-insight problems. /Egrave/Eacute/Ecircumflex/Edieresis/Igrave/Iacute/Icircumflex/Idieresis warmth judgments on nearness to a solution _____ prior to the solution of an insight problem & ______ prior to the solution of a non-insight one. The purpose of the experiment was to; Answer show how people progress through the problem space as they solve a problem. insight.d. The purpose of this experiment was to: demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems

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