what does w and c mean on solar lights

Direct link to dinali080's post why are wavelengths and p, Posted 7 years ago. The good news is that understanding how a solar charge controller works is simpler than it might seem.At its most basic level, a solar charge controller is a device that acts . Absorption spectra can be depicted by wavelength (nm) on the x-axis and the degree of light absorption on the y-axis. The types of radiation on the spectrum, from longest wavelength to shortest, are: radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-ray, and gamma ray. levelized cost of energy (LCOE) The cost of energy of a solar system that is based on the systems installed price, its total lifetime cost, and its lifetime electricity production. intrinsic semiconductor An undoped semiconductor. Why Do My Solar Light Batteries Need To Be Changed? The efficiency of the inverter is lowest when the load demand is low. junction diode A semiconductor device with a junction and a built-in potential that passes current better in one direction than the other. photovoltaic (PV) effect The phenomenon that occurs when photons, the particles in a beam of light, knock electrons loose from the atoms they strike. waveform The shape of the phase power at a certain frequency and amplitude. Unfortunately, the human body can't make much use of solar energy, aside from producing a little Vitamin D (a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight). doping The addition of dopants to a semiconductor. volt (V) A unit of electrical force equal to that amount of electromotive force that will cause a steady current of one ampere to flow through a resistance of one ohm. MacBook Core m7 12in Buying Guide Why Its A Great Option? As you increase in SPF, this percentage changes only marginally. NOCT is used to estimate the nominal operating temperature of a module in its working environment. A battery usually consists of several cells electrically connected together to produce higher voltages. The on/off switch is a potential source of trouble for a new owner who perhaps isn't aware that the switch is there. In, Posted 5 years ago. You must examine each component of your solar lights to determine which one has broken. With that in mind, you can get by with getting medium-capacity batteries, something like 800 maH each will be fine. sulfation A condition that afflicts unused and discharged batteries; large crystals of lead sulfate grow on the plate, instead of the usual tiny crystals, making the battery extremely difficult to recharge. Cloudy and Rainy Portland, Oregon Embraces Solar. To be used for typical 120 volt or 220 volt household appliances, DC must be converted to alternating current, its opposite. rated module current (A) The current output of a photovoltaic module measured at standard test conditions of 1,000 w/m2 and 25C cell temperature. charge rate The current applied to a cell or battery to restore its available capacity. Login . Suddenly, its on and I dont know how to turn it off. ion An electrically charged atom or group of atoms that has lost or gained electrons; a loss makes the resulting particle positively charged; a gain makes the particle negatively charged. charge controller A component of a photovoltaic system that controls the flow of current to and from the battery to protect it from over-charge and over-discharge. A primary battery that cannot be recharged. blocking diode A semiconductor connected in series with a solar cell or cells and a storage battery to keep the battery from discharging through the cell when there is no output, or low output, from the solar cell. 100-watt solar panels at a glance: A 100-watt solar panel typically produces between 300 and 600 watt-hours (Wh) of solar energy per day. Answered, How Much Electricity Does It Take To Kill A Human? In a semiconductor, the Fermi level is in the band gap. flat-plate photovoltaics (PV) A PV array or module that consists of nonconcentrating elements. The colors, from longest wavelength to shortest, are: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. Hi, This is Ryan an enthusiast of making everything latest with technology and other stuff. standard reporting conditions (SRC) A fixed set of conditions (including meteorological) to which the electrical performance data of a photovoltaic module are translated from the set of actual test conditions. duty rating The amount of time an inverter (power conditioning unit) can produce at full rated power. diffusion length The mean distance a free electron or hole moves before recombining with another hole or electron. Instead, you can activate the switch whenever you want your light to be on. By way of an example - take an industrial or warehouse high bay light fitting with a LOR of 70%: this indicates that 30% of the lamp's light output is lost due to the design of the fitting majority carrier Current carriers (either free electrons or holes) that are in excess in a specific layer of a semiconductor material (electrons in the n-layer, holes in the p-layer) of a cell. Direct link to Leela's post How do carotenoids dissip, Posted 5 years ago. gallium arsenide (GaAs) A crystalline, high-efficiency compound used to make certain types of solar cells and semiconductor material. multi-stage controller A charging controller unit that allows different charging currents as the battery nears full state_of_charge. spinning reserve Electric power plant or utility capacity on-line and running at low power in excess of actual load. I am a PHD in computer science. float charge The voltage required to counteract the self-discharge of the battery at a certain temperature. About 99 percent of solar radiation is contained in a wavelength region from 300 nm (ultraviolet) to 3,000 nm (near-infrared). junction box A photovoltaic (PV) generator junction box is an enclosure on the module where PV strings are electrically connected and where protection devices can be located, if necessary. A longer wavelength is associated with lower energy and a shorter wavelength is associated with higher energy. regulator Prevents overcharging of batteries by controlling charge cycle-usually adjustable to conform to specific battery needs. parallel connection A way of joining solar cells or photovoltaic modules by connecting positive leads together and negative leads together; such a configuration increases the current, but not the voltage. halp. Periodic, controlled charging at voltages that produce gassing will mix the electrolyte. amperage interrupt capability (AIC) direct current fuses should be rated with a sufficient AIC to interrupt the highest possible current. i-type semiconductor Semiconductor material that is left intrinsic, or undoped so that the concentration of charge carriers is characteristic of the material itself rather than of added impurities. Can Static Electricity Be Seen In The Dark? Just asking a question here, when an acid interacts with chlorophyll, which part of the chlorophyll gets stripped off? dry cell A cell (battery) with a captive electrolyte. Red light is the most important, as chlorophyll a, the most common type, absorbs light best in the red area of the spectrum. Each region is then directed to a different photovoltaic cell optimized for converting that portion of the spectrum into electricity. sine wave A waveform corresponding to a single-frequency periodic oscillation that can be mathematically represented as a function of amplitude versus angle in which the value of the curve at any point is equal to the sine of that angle. photon A particle of light that acts as an individual unit of energy. interconnect A conductor within a module or other means of connection that provides an electrical interconnection between the solar cells. low voltage warning A warning buzzer or light that indicates the low battery voltage set point has been reached. amorphous semiconductor A non-crystalline semiconductor material that has no long-range order. array operating voltage The voltage produced by a photovoltaic array when exposed to sunlight and connected to a load. It has the potential to be fatal. modularity The use of multiple inverters connected in parallel to service different loads. Instead, you can activate the switch whenever you want your light to be on. copper indium diselenide (CuInSe2, or CIS) A polycrystalline thin-film photovoltaic material (sometimes incorporating gallium (CIGS) and/or sulfur). annual solar savings The annual solar savings of a solar building is the energy savings attributable to a solar feature relative to the energy requirements of a non-solar building. concentrator A photovoltaic module, which includes optical components such as lenses (Fresnel lens) to direct and concentrate sunlight onto a solar cell of smaller area. I wont go into depth about KW/H power because I think you are already familiar with it. A key characteristic in evaluating cell performance. homojunction The region between an n-layer and a p-layer in a single material, photovoltaic cell. One of the most common causes of a "my-new-solar-lights-aren't-working" complaint is that the switch is in the off position. peak demand/load The maximum energy demand or load in a specified time period. All solar cells are junction diodes. Gassing commonly results from local action self-discharge or from the electrolysis of water in the electrolyte during charging. Usually expressed in terms of amperes or watts in reference to electricity. photovoltaic (PV) generator The total of all PV strings of a PV power supply system, which are electrically interconnected. I hope you will understand the difference between 50 Mbps Fiber Vs 100mbps Cable, after reading the below information. specific gravity The ratio of the weight of the solution to the weight of an equal volume of water at a specified temperature. remote systems See stand-alone systems. This term is related to system availability. equalization charge The process of mixing the electrolyte in batteries by periodically overcharging the batteries for a short time. nominal voltage A reference voltage used to describe batteries, modules, or systems (i.e., a 12-volt or 24-volt battery, module, or system). energy levels The energy represented by an electron in the band model of a substance. Schottky barrier A cell barrier established as the interface between a semiconductor, such as silicon, and a sheet of metal. uninterruptible power supply (UPS) The designation of a power supply providing continuous uninterruptible service. subsystem Any one of several components in a photovoltaic system (i.e., array, controller, batteries, inverter, load). We frequently express it in terms of Ah (ampere time) or mAh (milliampere time). electrodeposition Electrolytic process in which a metal is deposited at the cathode from a solution of its ions. Once the backyard solar light has been cleaned, dried, and given time to recharge, they frequently begin to function once more. The amount that reaches the earth is equal to one billionth of total solar energy generated, or the equivalent of about 420 trillion kilowatt-hours. See also stand-alone systems. charge factor A number representing the time in hours during which a battery can be charged at a constant current without damage to the battery. Uses an aperture of 5.7 to transcribe the solar disc. The energy capacity of a given cell varies with temperature, rate, age, and cut-off voltage. gel-type battery Lead-acid battery in which the electrolyte is composed of a silica gel matrix. inverted metamorphic multijunction (IMM) cell A photovoltaic cell that is a multijunction device whose layers of semiconductors are grown upside down. They also do not work as well during the winter or on cloudy days, so you may want to store your them indoors during rainy or snowy seasons. junction A region of transition between semiconductor layers, such as a p/n junction, which goes from a region that has a high concentration of acceptors (p-type) to one that has a high concentration of donors (n-type). U ultraviolet Electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range of 4 to 400 nanometers. The control element is in series with the PV array and battery. K kerf The width of a cut used to create wafers from silicon ingots, often resulting in the loss of semiconductor material. Did you get What Does W And C Mean On Solar Lights? These pairs are the constituents of electricity. F. Solar lights can be turned off when not in use because they have an on/off switch. More lumens means it's a brighter light; fewer lumens means it's a dimmer light. Can You Convert A Pull-Start Generator To Electric Start? The UPS will contain batteries. module derate factor A factor that lowers the photovoltaic module current to account for field operating conditions such as dirt accumulation on the module. what: [adjective] how remarkable or striking for good or bad qualities. thin film A layer of semiconductor material, such as copper indium diselenide or gallium arsenide, a few microns or less in thickness, used to make photovoltaic cells. A absorber In a photovoltaic device, the material that readily absorbs photons to generate charge carriers (free electrons or holes). photovoltaic (PV) module The smallest environmentally protected, essentially planar assembly of solar cells and ancillary parts, such as interconnections, terminals, (and protective devices such as diodes) intended to generate direct current power under unconcentrated sunlight. distributed systems Systems that are installed at or near the location where the electricity is used, as opposed to central systems that supply electricity to grids. The equivalent value of alternating current, I, that will produce the same heating in a conductor with resistance, R, as a dc current of value I. The operating point is dependent on the load or the batteries connected to the output terminals of the array. downtime Time when the photovoltaic system cannot provide power for the load. It has been proposed as a storage option to support large-scale use of photovoltaics as a means to smooth out fluctuations in power generation. grid-interactive system Same as grid-connected system. The switches are turned on and off at a correct sequence, at a certain frequency. NEMA See National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Because solar lights are powered by direct sunlight, they need to be cleaned periodically from dust or mud, so they can easily store energy for the night. amorphous silicon A thin-film, silicon photovoltaic cell having no crystalline structure. For instance, we would advise replacing the 1.2V 600mAh AA NiCd or NiMH batteries in your solar lights with our 1.2V NIMH AA 600mAh solar light batteries. Also called a solar cell. Can we conduct photosynthesis under monochromatic light rays such as green? high voltage disconnect hysteresis The voltage difference between the high voltag disconnect set point and the voltage at which the full photovoltaic array current will be reapplied. shallow-cycle battery A battery with small plates that cannot withstand many discharges to a low state-of-charge. peak sun hours The equivalent number of hours per day when solar irradiance averages 1,000 w/m2. ancillary services Services that assist the grid operator in maintaining system balance. This is used to creates steam, which spins a turbine to generate electricity. chemical vapor deposition (CVD) A method of depositing thin semiconductor films used to make certain types of photovoltaic devices. diode An electronic device that allows current to flow in one direction only. c=When dark, until motion is detected, turn off the lights, then strong light for 15 sec. ampere-hour (Ah/AH) A measure of the flow of current (in amperes) over one hour; used to measure battery capacity. There are five main types of chlorophylls: chlorophylls, Structurally, chlorophyll molecules include a hydrophobic ("water-fearing") tail that inserts into the thylakoid membrane and a, Because of the central role of chlorophyll. stand-off mounting Technique for mounting a photovoltaic array on a sloped roof, which involves mounting the modules a short distance above the pitched roof and tilting them to the optimum angle.

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