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In November, Edward III invaded again, but he accomplished little and retreated in February 1335 due primarily to his failure to bring the Scots to battle. What happened after the Battle of Waterloo? Subscribe Now She realized that starting early would help her gain an edge in her career, so she applied for internship and training programs before graduation. Repertory Philippines Theater Plays, As Edward's knights advanced, the English longbowmen were trying to support their knights; however, they were asked to stop as they were injuring their men. On this day in Scottish History. The exchange of these nobles released Robert's sisters (Mary Bruce and Christian Bruce), wife (Elizabeth de Burgh), daughter (Marjorie Bruce), and the Bishop of Glasgow (Robert Wishart), which ended their eight years of English imprisonment. The statue and the monument are some of the popular tourist destinations of this region. This does not influence our choices. Some 40 years after the First War of Scottish Independence, Archbishop John Barbour composed an epic retelling of the conflict. Edward I attempted to make one more offensive attack on Scotland, but he died suffering from dysentery near the Solway Firth. [Bruce] was utterly consistent, utterly ruthless and utterly convinced that he should be the king of Scots, she says, arguing that his ever-changing allegiances reflected, in his point of view, an entirely consistent means of achieving this singular goal. The Battle of Culblean was the effective end of Balliol's attempt to overthrow the King of Scots. Ancient Origins - Untold True Story of Robert the Bruce, The Outlaw King, set to be Netflix Blockbuster Ancient Origins - Why was Edward II Such A Hated King? He went with Edward Bruce on campaign in Ireland in 131518 and died This would have been too open a breach of the treaty. Edward soon returned to England, while the Scots, under Murray, captured and destroyed English strongholds and ravaged the countryside, making it uninhabitable for the English. WebHe had entered King Robert I of Scotlands peace after the English defeat at the Battle of Bannockburn, Grey and Prendergast were allowed immediately safe passage to leave Berwick and to travel to wherever Douglas happened to be, advise him of the change of circumstances and return safely to Berwick. They came across Scots led by Robert Bruce. The battlefield has been debated for several years now, with many modern historians agreeing on the fact that the current recognized site is not correct. He was organising the forward lines of his army when some English knights on a patrol spotted the king. He was forced to step down from his position, and his son, Edward III, who was only 14 years, old became the King of England in January 1327. Please note that Kidadl is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon. Under Edward I's command, the English were initially successful and had victories at the Capture of Berwick and Battle of Dunbar in 1296. Cookie Settings, Traitor, Outlaw, King: The Making of Robert Bruce, Five Places Where You Can Still Find Gold in the United States, Scientists Taught Pet Parrots to Video Call Each Otherand the Birds Loved It, Balto's DNA Provides a New Look at the Intrepid Sled Dog, The Science of California's 'Super Bloom,' Visible From Space, The True Story of the Koh-i-Noor Diamondand Why the British Won't Give It Back. They seized the helm of the king's horse, dragging him away with 500 royal bodyguard knights following them. Not just once or twice but for the most of the duration of the battle. The Scots nobility gathered at Perth where they elected Domhnall II, Earl of Mar as the new Guardian. He ignored truces with England and was determined to stand by his ally Philip VI during the early years of the Hundred Years' War. Take to the hills, harry [the enemys] flanks, stop them living off of the land, but dont risk a battle., Bruces forces secured a minor victory at the Battle of Glen Troolreally more of a skirmishin April 1307. Get the latest History stories in your inbox? At a certain point, Michael Penman writes in Robert the Bruce, it becomes difficult to trace the Scottish kings movements. By this point, Edward I was long gonehe died in July 1307, leaving his infamously inept son Edward II in controland it was his grandson Edward III, newly ascended to the throne in place of his deposed father, who actually agreed to Bruces terms. Close to this monument, there is a Bruce statue from the '60s, designed by Pilkington Jackson. It was one of the most decisive battles of the First War of Scottish Independence, and remains one of the iconic cornerstones in According to the movieBraveheart, Scotland won its freedom at the Battle of Bannockburn, inspired by the demise of William Wallace nearly a decade earlier. Fewer Oxbridge Offers 2021, The new visitor center of the battle site is now called Bannockburn Visitor Center. Bruce organised his army well to block Edward's advance. Robert the Bruce is rightly remembered as a national hero for his role in ridding Scotland of the English yoke, at least for a time. His reputation as a determined and courageousman who endured immense hardship before winning the great battle at Bannockburn is adeserved one. Prior to the battle, Bruce surveyed the area and concocted a plan to restrict the movements of de Valences horsemen, who would otherwise overwhelm the Scottish spearmen fighting on foot. John Comyn continued battling the English until February 1304, when he negotiated peace terms that restored Scotlands laws, usages, customs and liberties and provided for a representative assembly. The Battle of Bannockburn changed the balance of power between Scotland and England, andafter capturing multiple English noblemen, Robertsuccessfully traded them back to England in exchange for his four family members. In quest of glory, Sir Henry advanced on the monarch with a lowered lance in classic medieval jousting fashion. Together, they ravaged much of the north-east and sacked Elgin and Aberdeen, while a third army ravaged the south-west and the Clyde valley. Edward agreed to meet the guardians at Norham in 1291. Bruce died on June 7, 1329, just one month shy of his 55th birthday. What happened after the Battle of France? WebAfter Bannockburn, Bruce was able to rule without fear of large-scale Engish invasion. Robert thought of a strategy that was not used by William Wallace, his predecessor. These lands were further purchased in 1960 and 1965 to promote visitor access. He was taken off by his noble men, the senior knights. What happened after the Battle of Culloden? Their losses were immense. In December, more than 200 of Edward's tenants in Newcastle were summoned to form a militia by March 1296 and in February, a fleet sailed north to meet his land forces in Newcastle. Although Pilkington designed the statue, he commissioned the Ontario College of Art's Thomas Taylor Bowie to make the statue. At the beginning of 1334, Philip VI of France offered to bring David II and his court to France for asylum, and in May they arrived in France, setting up a court-in-exile at Chteau Gaillard in Normandy. We try our very best, but cannot guarantee perfection. He reportedly changed sides 5 times between supporting Edward I and opposing him. The English broke rank as they could not hold their formation. The great battle was fought near Stirling, but thats about it. What happened when Henry de Bohun met Robert Bruce? The Battle of Bannockburn (Scottish Gaelic: Blr Allt nam Bnag or Blr Allt a' Bhonnaich) fought on 2324 June 1314, was a victory of the army of King of Scots Robert the Bruce over the army of King Edward II of England in the First War of Scottish Independence. As a result of his successful campaign, Bruce was soon able to govern, holding his first parliament in 1309 in St Andrews. After another campaign in 1303/1304, Stirling Castle, the last major Scottish-held stronghold, fell to the English, and in February 1304, negotiations led to most of the remaining nobles paying homage to Edward and to the Scots all but surrendering. However, many involved were churchmen such as Bishop Wishart for whom such mitigation cannot be claimed.[1]. Scottish soldiers advanced in the morning from New Park. However, the Battle of Bannockburn was a major event in Scottish history. The visitor attraction tells the story of what happened at the Battle of Bannockburn, near Stirling, in June of 1314. Forever cemented (erroneously) in popular imagination as a blue paint-covered kilt-wearer, Wallace is often portrayed as a more straightforward figure than his successor in the bid for Scottish independence. There is little information about his career until the year 1306. The English morale was low as a result of their poor showing the previous day. The Scots did reject this arrangement, and offered to continue paying the ransom (now increased to 100,000 pounds). Bruce waited until the right moment, avoided the lance, rose up in his stirrups and killed De Bohun with his battle-axe in one blow to the head, slicing through his helmet. Your privacy is important to us. This treaty stated that English Empire recognized the complete independence of the Scottish Empire, acknowledging Robert Bruce and his successors as the rightful rulers of Scotland. The treaty would be sealed by the arranged marriage of John's son Edward and Philip's niece Joan. Watson says she is convinced Bruce arrived in Dumfries with the intention of striking down Comyn, whom he worried was on the verge of claiming the Scottish crown. Edward III also had the support of a group of Scottish nobles, led by Balliol and Henry Beaumont, known as the 'Disinherited'. The Scots fought back at the Battle of Dunbar and were utterly crushed. What happened at the Battle of Pharsalus? If someone on our team is always keen to learn and grow, then it has to be Arpitha. So, in just nine years, the kingdom so hard won by Robert the Bruce had been shattered and had recovered. He took castles not by the normal means of lengthysieges,butby stealth and small numbers of men. In 1296, King John Balliol of Scotland was forced to abdicate the throne to Edward I following a revolt against the British. By the time she completed her B.E. Yet they have a substantial exhibit explaining the battle and its political backstory and aftermath. He was not as good of a leader as his father. In doing so, he created a model of Scottish warfare that lasted long beyond his fight. The battles was turning in Bruce's favour. At this point, Robert Bruce and William Lamberton may have made a secret bond of alliance, aiming to place Bruce on the Scottish throne and continue the struggle. Advancing north to relieve Stirling Castle and As an Amazon Associate, Kidadl earns from qualifying purchases. What happened to the Highlanders after the Battle of Culloden? The losses faced by the Scottish was far less comparatively, with only two of their knights killed. 3 Dimensional Meaning In Tamil, In 1327, Edward II of England was deposed and killed and his son Edward III of England assumed the throne. However, this seems to have been no more than a rather dishonest attempt to re-negotiate the ransom since David knew perfectly well that Parliament would reject such an arrangement out of hand. After his coronation Bruce suffered large setbacks, losing in June at Methven near Perth and at Dail Righ (Dalry), near Tyndrum, in August. Meilan Solly is Smithsonian magazine's associate digital editor, history. This project was funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund and the Scottish Government and was a partnership between Historic Environment Scotland and the National Trust for Scotland. After this battle, the English learned their lesson. This group of nobles had supported the English in the First War and, after Bannockburn, Robert the Bruce had given them a year to return to his peace. What happened during the Battle of Kadesh? The victory against the English opened the north side of England to Scottish raids, allowing the Scottish Empire to invade Ireland. What happened after the Battle of Britain? What happened between the Battle of Cannae and the Battle of Zama? The war for Scottish independence was waged The Scottish showed they were a force to be reckoned with when they took Stirling Castle for ransom. Bruce had himself crowned King six weeks later at Scone on 25th March and as King Robert I embarked on a journey that would re-establish Scotland's independence. The English outnumbered Bruces men by 3,000 to 600, according to Barbours poem, but were wary to ride directly into the Scottish warriors spears. His victory at Bannockburn, re-establishing Scotland's independence, was a monumental event due to his dedication, perseverance and military skill. He did not flee nor he escaped like so many writers claim. The main battle commenced not long after first light, on 24 June, 1314. It became so confused and compressed that the English archers' arrows fell on their own men. After the Declaration of Arbroath failed to secure recognition of the independence of Scotland by the Pope, the Edinburgh-Northampton treaty occurred in 1328. What happened during the Battle of Gazala? at the battle of bannockburn led by Robert the Bruce. The second was late and after that, no more could be paid. On the first day of the Battle of Bannockburn, a member of the English heavy cavalry, 22-year-old Sir Henry de Bohun, grandson of Henry of Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford, spied the Scots king riding a palfrey (a small horse) and armed only with an axe. She has also been a part of some notable projects, including Design, Analysis, and Fabrication of Morphing Wing, where she worked on new age morphing technology and used the concept of corrugated structures to develop high-performance aircraft, and Study on Shape Memory Alloys and Crack Analysis Using Abaqus XFEM that focused on 2-D and 3-D crack propagation analysis using Abaqus. In 1363, David went to London and agreed that should he die childless, the crown would pass to Edward (his brother-in-law) or one of his sons, with the Stone of Destiny being returned for their coronation as King of Scots. Become a Study.com member to unlock this answer! When David returned, he was determined to live up to the memory of his illustrious father. Consisting of the disinherited noblemen and mercenaries, they were probably no more than a few thousand strong.[5]. A 25-year truce was agreed and in 1369, the treaty of 1365 was cancelled and a new one set up to the Scots' benefit, due to the influence of the war with France. What happened at the Battle of Tannenberg? During the summer of 1306, Bruce suffered two defeats in quick succession: At the June 19 Battle of Methven, de Valence took the Scottish forces completely by surprise with an early morning sneak attack. Please use the links below for donations: He agreed to turn a blind eye to an invasion by sea, but made it clear that he would disavow them and confiscate all their English lands should Balliol and his friends fail. In 1313, Robertreclaimed Scottish control over the Isle of Man, aterritory between Britain and Ireland just south of Scotland granted to the Scottish King Alexander III after a conflict with Norway. Battle of Bannockburn: Day Two. Despite the destructive climate, the Great Famine did not end the War of Scottish Independence. It was at this point that Robert Bruce, 6th Lord of Annandale (father of the future King Robert the Bruce) was appointed by Edward as the governor of Carlisle Castle. Lists about the true stories that inspired books, films, TV, and other stories you think you know. The woman who had crowned him, the Countess of Buchan, and Bruce's sister Mary were placed in cages and hung from the turrets of castles. Although the Scottish were victorious in this war, they did not gain independence until 1328. Edward II left the field, heading for the castle and safety. Bruce was to use the tactic of the schiltrom as Wallace had done. Robert the Bruce then sent Sir Robert Keith and 500 horse to scatter the English and Welsh archers, before ordering the schiltrons forward. Its essentially run away and hide, Brown explains. He waited and then made his move for the throne in 1306. Wallace's schiltrons, though proved incredibly successful in melee encounters,were outnumbered and outranged by English longbowmen. 2023 Smithsonian Magazine Hint An English victory and annihilation of Scotland's army The Castle garrison took the field and drove off the Scottish forces Both armies withdrew from the field with heavy losses A decisive Scots victory over a larger English force 10. David II and his Queen were moved to the safety of Dumbarton Castle, while Berwick surrendered and was annexed by Edward. Men fled all over, many of them drowning in the River Forth, while others were killed in the days after the battle by Scottish villagers or the pursuing soldiers. A painting depicting the Battle of Bannockburn #9 The exact site of the battle is not Heavy Spoilers 28,044 views. Many of her experienced nobles were dead and the economy which had barely begun to recover from the earlier wars was once again in tatters. By joining Kidadl you agree to Kidadls Terms of Use and Privacy Policy and consent to receiving marketing communications from Kidadl. King Alexander III of Scotland died in 1286, leaving his three-year-old granddaughter Margaret, Maid of Norway, as his heir. Our recommended activities are based on age but these are a guide. Her husband moved his small army quickly to her relief although outnumbered by some five to one. Ignore Youtube Update, The news of their advance had preceded them, and, as they marched towards Perth, they found their route barred by a large Scottish army, mostly of infantry, under the new Guardian. But he then learned his target was still alive and sent several men back to finish the bloody task. The wars were part of a great crisis for Scotland and the period became one of the most defining times in its history. He continued raids on northern England, and expeditions to Ireland were also carried out. The Battle of Bannockburn (23-24 June 1314) is a key date in Scottish history. The Battle of Bannockburn (Blr Allt a' Bhonnaich in Scottish Gaelic) (24 June 1314) was a significant Scottish victory in the Wars of Scottish Independence. On 14 October, at the Battle of Neville's Cross, the Scots were defeated. Also for England to give up their claims to Scotland and recognize their independence. What happened after the Battle of Naseby? Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. He had the support of most of Scotland. Just before doing this Robert the Bruce had been involved in a dispute with John Comyn. What happened after the Battle of Kadesh? Kidadl has a number of affiliate partners that we work with including Amazon. This was followed by Scottish raids into northern England and the appointment of Wallace as Guardian of Scotland in March 1298. He lost his title of Guardian, however, andother leaders for Scottish independence rose during Wallace's time in hiding, including one of Scotland's new Guardians and eventual self-proclaimed king:Robert the Bruce. copyright 2003-2023 Homework.Study.com. These men were Welsh spearmen who were guided by Sir Maurice de Berkley, their commander. Islamic Center of Cleveland is a non-profit organization. When the slaughter was finally over, the Earl of Mar, Sir Robert Bruce (an illegitimate son of Robert the Bruce), many nobles and around 2,000 Scots had been slain. The Scots forces emerged from Balquhidderock Wood, before getting down on their knees to pray. Alexander Seton, a Scottish knight, was fighting for Edward's army but abandoned the English camp and told Robert Bruce that the morale of the English was low, encouraging him to attack. In 1292, he picked Balliol. The Battle of Bannockburn Visitor Center is run by the National Trust for Scotland and is open to visitors daily between March and October. Battle of Bannockburn 1314- two men in a trench - Duration: 46 Ending Explained & What Happened To Robert The Bruce After The Film Ends - Duration: 4:12. Two days later, in Upsettlington, the Guardians of the Realm and the leading Scottish nobles gathered to swear allegiance to King Edward I as Lord Paramount. [note 1] Balliol was named king by a majority on 17 November 1292 and on 30 November he was crowned King of Scots at Scone Abbey. After the battle, England pretty much left Scotland alone. In reality, the fight for independence trundled on for another 21 years, concluding only with the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton in March 1328. The Bannockburn Preservation Committee, in 1932, bestowed the battlefields to the National Trust for Scotland under Kincardine and the 10th Earl of Elgin. By this time Bruce was very ill, possibly with leprosy. During that year, diplomatic pressure from France and Rome persuaded Edward to release the imprisoned King John into the custody of the pope, and Wallace was sent to France to seek the aid of Philip IV; he possibly also travelled to Rome. What happened after the Battle of Atlanta? It is around this time that the legend of Bruce and the spider comes from. This tangled web of alliances culminated in that deadly February 10, 1306, meeting between Bruce and Comyn, the two main contenders for the Scottish throne. After a period of convalescence, he was imprisoned in the Tower of London, where he was held prisoner for eleven years, during which time Scotland was ruled by his nephew, Robert Stewart, 7th High Steward. According to legend, he threw the casket holding Bruces heart ahead of him before entering the fray, declaring, Lead on brave heart, Ill follow thee. Bruces heart was ultimately retrieved and interred at Melrose Abbey, while the rest of his body was laid to rest in the royal mausoleum at Dunfermline Abbey. The defeat at Falkirk marked the unofficial end of Wallaces campaignhe resigned as Guardian of Scotland and went on the run. What happened at the Battle of Mons Graupius? Declared a fugitive for both his sacrilege and breach of fealty, Bruce had little to lose by going one step further and seizing the crown. There were three divisions within the Scottish army of schiltrons, one commanded by Robert Bruce, the second by Edward Bruce, and the third by the Earl of Moray. You have subscribed to: Remember that you can always manage your preferences or unsubscribe through the link at the foot of each newsletter. What happened at the Battle of Frenchtown? Members of his family were taken prisoner by the English. "It is in truth not for glory, nor riches, nor honours, that we are fighting, but for freedom - for that alone, which no honest man gives up but with life itself.". In 1294, Edward summoned John Balliol to appear before him, and then ordered that he had until 1 September 1294 to provide Scottish troops and funds for his invasion of France. What happened after the Battle of Cowpens? The Battle of Bannockburn was a resounding Scottish victory, allowing Bruce to shift his campaign to the north of England. In January, the Scots drew up a draft treaty agreeing to recognise the elderly and childless Edward Balliol as King, so long as David II would be his heir and David would leave France to live in England. LEARNING INTENTIONS Describe events after Bannockburn which helped achieve Scotlands independence Describe the role in these events of the Declaration of Arbroath and the Treaty of Edinburgh. He was unsuited to the position into which he was born, and had been left a very difficult legacy by his father enormous debts, an unwinnable war in Scotland, dissatisfied magnates, and hostile relations with powerful France. Moray was fatally wounded in the fighting at Stirling, and died soon after the battle. After the Battle of Bannockburn, Robert the Bruce continued his fight against the English monarchy for a further 14 years. But Bannockburn didn't end the Wars of Scottish Independence, and Wallace wasn't exactly an inspiring figure to the Scottish army by 1314. Brown offers a more sympathetic reading that attributes the act of unpremeditated violence to personal antagonism between Bruce and Comyn. He was to be proven wrong. But Edward III, despite having given his name to the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton, was determined to avenge the humiliation by the Scots and he could count on the assistance of Edward Balliol, the son of John Balliol and a claimant to the Scottish throne. Yet the victory was short-lived. In April 1333, Edward III and Balliol, with a large English army, laid siege to Berwick. Bruce fell, mortally wounded, and the dream of an Your Privacy Rights Both survivedby raiding and taking supplies from local farms as needed. Once d'Argentan led the king to safety, he turned back and returned to the battle, where he was slain. Almost 11,000 English men were killed. What happened before the Battle of Waterloo? Bruce barely evaded capture, and over the next several months, he experienced a string of personal tragedies. What happened in the Battle of Queenston Heights? Most people in Scotland supported Robert the Bruce. Then, the English army tried to flee, and many were slaughtered by the Scottish army. Comyns killing was obviously homicide, Brown explains, but it's also blasphemy and treason. It was a major turning point in the war, which only officially ended 14 years later with the de jure restoration of Scottish independence under the Treaty of EdinburghNorthampton; for this reason, Bannockburn is considered a landmar Its also worth noting that the peaceful independence Bruce fought for lasted just a few years, with hostilities starting up again in 1332 and continuing sporadically until the 1707 Act of Union brought England and Scotland together under the single entity of Great Britain. Where did the battle of Bannockburn take place? Pinned by a flank attack while making a downhill charge, Strathbogie's army broke and Strathbogie refused to surrender and was killed. They fought like Scotsmen. Before the process got underway Edward insisted that he be recognised as Lord Paramount of Scotland. He issued two public letters, saying that with the help of England he had reclaimed his kingdom, and acknowledged that Scotland had always been a fief of England. He planned a full-scale attack against the English, using schiltrons as offensive units. In 1313, King Robert I demanded that all his followers, still loyal to John Balliol, the Scottish king, either acknowledge Robert I as king or lose their lands. Outnumbered and unprepared, the Scots kings army rapidly dispersed. In 1290, the Guardians of Scotland signed the Treaty of Birgham agreeing to the marriage of the Maid of Norway and Edward of Caernarvon, the son of Edward I. Hed arranged to meet longtime opponent John the Red Comyn at a priory in Dumfries in southern Scotland, ostensibly to discuss certain business touching them both, but quickly changed tactics, accused Comyn of treachery and struck him down. It was surrounded by the younger brother of Robert the Bruce, Edward Bruce, in 1314. It is estimated the English lost about 3,000 men in the battle, and Scotland around 100. He finally resigned his claim to the Scottish throne in January 1356 and died childless in 1364. In fact, he says, the legendary king came to be the guarantor of Scottish liberties within the united realm. The battle of Bannockburn was fought by King Robert I and King Edward II. What happened at the Battle of Cajamarca? After three years, four campaigns, and two major famines, Scotland gave up trying to create a Celtic coalition. The murderdescribed by the English the following year as outrageous sacrilege inhumanly committed against God and the holy Churchplaced Bruce on a collision course with Scotlands imposing neighbor, England. By early June, de Valence had captured two of Bruces key supporters, the bishops of St. Andrews and Glasgow, and secured the aid of Scots loyal to Comyn. The Scots royal fortress, Stirling Castle, was occupied by the English and barricaded by the Scottish army. Their losses were immense. The Battle of Bannockburn took place after King Edward II invaded Scotland. When the spider finally succeeded, it inspired Bruce to launch a second wave of rebellion. As battle commenced, the Scots troops moved across the battlefield, to In this way they would unite the Celtic nations and drive the hated English back to their homeland. He went as far asRathlin Island, only 6 miles off the coast of what is now Northern Ireland. There are also a number of myths that surround Bruces famed victory at Bannockburn which he fought against Edward II, in a swamp near Stirling, and was saved at the last minute by a force of Templar knights. What happened after the Battle of the Somme? The Scots forces emerged from Balquhidderock Wood, before Walter and Marjorie were married shortly after, with Marjories dowry including the Barony of Bathgate in West Lothian. Like many conflicts of the medieval era, the First War of Scottish Independence began with a succession crisis. These 'Disinherited' were hungry for their old lands and would prove to be the undoing of the peace. Who was defeated in the Battle of Bannockburn? He continued raids on northern England, and expeditions to Ireland were also carried out. In sight of their enemy they fell to their knees to pray. The most important element in the feudal array was the mounted knighthood of Angevin England. Although Edward III invaded again, he was becoming more anxious over the possible French invasion, and by late 1336, the Scots had regained control over virtually all of Scotland and by 1338 the tide had turned. Reply. Edward therefore refused to allow Balliol to invade Scotland from across the River Tweed. It was a war between the large English army and the much smaller Scottish army.

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